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- @
- Friedan ignited
- American
- feminism with
- her book The
- Feminine
- Mystique. She
- argued that
- women are
- encouraged to see
- homemaking as
- the goal of their
- lives, and so are
- denied the
- opportunity to
- fulfil their
- potential outside
- the home in
- other ways
- #
- Friedan's book
- awakened the
- political
- consciousness of
- women across
- America and gave
- the movement a
- rallying-point.
- "I believe that
- women can affect
- society, as well as
- be affected by it,"
- she said. "In the
- end, a woman, as
- a man, has the
- power to choose,
- and to make
- her own heaven
- or hell."
- #
- Domestic
- responsibilities,
- said Friedan, sap
- a woman's time,
- talent and energy.
- Twice in this
- century women
- have escaped the
- drudgery of the
- home by going
- out to work during
- war, but were
- expected to
- return to the
- kitchen once the
- danger to the
- state had passed.
- Friedan pointed
- out the absurdity
- of this
- #
- The American
- women's lib
- movement
- gained momentum
- through the
- Sixties. In 1964
- the Civil Rights
- Act made it
- illegal to dis-
- criminate on
- the grounds of
- race or sex. One
- year later Betty
- Friedan founded
- the National
- Organisation
- of Women (NOW)
- #
- In the Eighties
- Friedan was
- accused of
- turning her
- back on her
- earlier ideas.
- Her book, The
- Second Stage,
- it was argued,
- denied the
- feminine mystique.
- "I do not think",
- Friedan now said,
- "women's rights
- are the most
- urgent business
- for women."
- #
- Friedan was
- clearly dismayed
- by some of the
- consequences of
- the revolution
- she had unleashed.
- But her biggest
- disappointment
- was the defeat in
- 1982 of the Equal
- Rights Amendment
- which, had it
- succeeded, would
- have enshrined
- sex equality in
- the American
- Constitution
- @
- The explosion of
- feminism in the
- Sixties, the
- women's lib
- movement, was a
- continuation of
- the struggle begun
- by Emmeline
- Pankhurst. But
- this time, women
- were not fighting
- just for political
- rights: they
- challenged forms
- of discrimination
- which were more
- subtle and deeper-
- rooted than those
- addressed by the
- suffragettes
- #
- The Civil Rights
- Act of 1964 was
- a great step
- forward for
- women as well as
- for African-
- Americans. It is
- no coincidence
- that the black
- civil rights
- movement and
- the women's
- movement arose
- at the same time,
- for both had the
- same aim: an end
- to all forms of
- discrimination
- #
- In 1970, through
- the NOW, Friedan
- organised a house-
- wives' strike to
- illustrate the
- point that
- housework is
- work too. NOW
- had a slogan:
- 'politics is
- personal', meaning
- that the struggle
- for rights was
- concerned with
- the injustices
- experienced by
- women in their
- daily lives
- #
- "This uneasy
- sense of battles
- won, only to be
- fought over again,
- of battles that
- should have been
- won, according to
- all the rules, and
- yet are not, of
- battles that
- suddenly one
- does not really
- want to win, and
- the weariness of
- battle altogether
- - how many
- women feel it?"
- asked Friedan
- @
-