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-
- @
- Frederick Banting
- discovered a way
- of extracting
- insulin from
- animals, to be
- used to treat
- diabetic patients.
- This was one of
- the most import-
- ant medical
- breakthroughs of
- the twentieth
- century: diabetes
- was a chronic,
- debilitating
- condition, and
- often fatal
- #
- Insulin is a
- hormone produced
- in the pancreas
- which delivers
- blood sugar into
- the body's cells,
- where it is
- converted into
- energy. Diabetes
- inhibits insulin
- production; so
- Banting sought to
- extract insulin
- from animals to
- treat diabetics.
- One difficulty he
- had was that the
- pancreas also
- produces digestive
- enzymes that
- destroy insulin
- #
- Banting
- experimented
- with dogs. His
- notebook said:
- "Tie off pancreatic
- duct of dogs. Wait
- 6 to 8 weeks." His
- idea was to turn
- the dog's pancreas
- over completely
- to insulin prod-
- uction by pre-
- venting it from
- making digestive
- enzymes. The
- insulin was
- tested on other
- dogs, then injected
- into humans. The
- treatment worked
- #
- Problems of the
- purity of animal
- insulin (from pigs
- and cattle) were
- soon solved, and
- this new insulin
- treatment won
- Banting, with his
- professor, the
- Nobel Prize for
- medicine in 1923.
- Banting (right)
- shared his part
- of the prize with
- his assistant,
- Charles Best
- (centre)
- #
- The cause of
- diabetes remains
- a mystery, but it
- is still treated
- by the technique
- which Banting
- pioneered. But
- animal insulin is
- costly to extract
- and purify. Gene-
- tically engineered
- insulin is now
- used by millions
- of diabetics -
- although some
- research has
- questioned its
- suitability for
- all patients
- @
-