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- @
- Christiaan
- Barnard was one
- of the most
- glamorous men of
- the Sixties.
- Operating at the
- cutting edge of
- medical science,
- the brilliant
- surgeon with
- the sun tan and
- Hollywood looks,
- became one of
- the heroes
- of the age
- #
- On 4 December,
- 1967, Barnard
- made history by
- performing the
- first ever heart
- transplant. After
- a 5-hour operation,
- middle-aged
- Louis Washansky
- received the
- heart of Denise
- Darvall, the
- 25-year-old
- victim of a
- road accident
- #
- captionatzapa
- #
- Louis Washansky
- died of
- pneumonia 18
- days after the
- operation. By
- then, the high
- profile of the
- operation had
- thrust the whole
- question of the
- morality of organ
- transplants into
- the public arena
- @
- Barnard carried
- out a second
- heart transplant a
- month after the
- first. What was
- astonishing was
- not only its suc-
- cess - the patient
- lived for nearly
- two years - but
- also that the
- recipient was a
- white man and
- the donor was
- coloured, a
- remarkable
- occurrence in
- South Africa
- under apartheid
- #
- By the time
- Barnard carried
- out his second
- transplant,
- opposition on
- ethical grounds
- was growing and
- many critics
- accused Barnard
- of using patients
- as human guinea-
- pigs. What was
- the difference,
- they asked,
- between his
- operations and
- the medical
- experiments
- carried out on
- concentration
- camp victims?
- #
- Undeterred by
- ethical objections,
- Barnard continued
- to push back the
- boundaries of
- medical science.
- In the Seventies
- he pioneered
- transplants using
- the hearts of
- chimpanzees and
- baboons - a
- project he soon
- abandoned after
- a number of
- failures
- #
- By the Eighties
- most ethical
- objections had
- been forgotten
- and heart
- transplants had
- become relatively
- routine. By then,
- medical science
- was making
- further advances
- - surgeons could
- now place an
- artificial heart in
- a patient until a
- real one became
- available
- #
- Barnard's career
- ended in 1983,
- rheumatoid
- arthritis in his
- hands meaning
- he could no
- longer operate.
- It was perhaps
- ironic that the
- man who had
- given life to
- hundreds of
- people was
- himself now the
- victim of a
- debilitating
- medical condition
- @
-