home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
- STDIO(3) UNIX Programmer's Manual STDIO(3)
-
- NNAAMMEE
- ssttddiioo - standard input/output library functions
-
- SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
- ##iinncclluuddee <<ssttddiioo..hh>>
- FFIILLEE **ssttddiinn;;
- FFIILLEE **ssttddoouutt;;
- FFIILLEE **ssttddeerrrr;;
-
- DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
- The standard I/O library provides a simple and efficient buffered stream
- I/O interface. Input and ouput is mapped into logical data streams and
- the physical I/O characteristics are concealed. The functions and macros
- are listed below; more information is available from the individual man
- pages.
-
- A stream is associated with an external file (which may be a physical de
- vice) by _o_p_e_n_i_n_g a file, which may involve creating a new file. Creating
- an existing file causes its former contents to be discarded. If a file
- can support positioning requests (such as a disk file, as opposed to a
- terminal) then a _f_i_l_e _p_o_s_i_t_i_o_n _i_n_d_i_c_a_t_o_r associated with the stream is
- positioned at the start of the file (byte zero), unless the file is
- opened with appened mode. If append mode is used, the position indicator
- will be placed the endoffile. The position indicator is maintained by
- subsequent reads, writes and positioning requests. All input occurs as if
- the characters were read by successive calls to the fgetc(3) function;
- all ouput takes place as if all characters were read by successive calls
- to the fputc(3) function.
-
- A file is disassociated from a stream by _c_l_o_s_i_n_g the file. Ouput streams
- are flushed (any unwritten buffer contents are transfered to the host en
- vironment) before the stream is disassociated from the file. The value
- of a pointer to a FILE object is indeterminate after a file is closed
- (garbage).
-
- A file may be subsequently reopened, by the same or another program exe
- cution, and its contents reclaimed or modified (if it can be repositioned
- at the start). If the main function returns to its original caller, or
- the exit(3) function is called, all open files are closed (hence all out
- put streams are flushed) before program termination. Other methods of
- program termination, such as abort(3) do not bother about closing files
- properly.
-
- At program startup, three text streams are predefined and need not be
- opened explicitly _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d _i_n_p_u_t (for reading converntional input),
- _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d _o_u_t_p_u_t (for writing converntional input), and _s_t_a_n_d_a_r_d _e_r_r_o_r
- (for writing diagnostic output). These streams are abbreviated _s_t_d_i_n,
- _s_t_d_o_u_t and _s_t_d_e_r_r. When opened, the standard error stream is not fully
- buffered; the standard input and output streams are fully buffered if and
- only if the streams do not to refer to an interactive device.
-
- Output streams that refer to terminal devices are always line buffered by
- default; pending output to such streams is written automatically whenever
- an input stream that refers to a terminal device is read. In cases where
- a large amount of computation is done after printing part of a line on an
- output terminal, it is necessary to fflush(3) the standard output before
- going off and computing so that the output will appear.
-
- The ssttddiioo library is a part of the library libc and routines are automat
- ically loaded as needed by the compilers cc(1) and pc(1). The SYNOPSIS
- sections of the following manual pages indicate which include files are
- to be used, what the compiler declaration for the function looks like and
- which external variables are of interest.
-
- The following are defined as macros; these names may not be reused with
- out first removing their current definitions with #undef: BUFSIZ, EOF,
- FILENAME_MAX, L_cuserid, L_ctermid, L_tmpnam, NULL, SEEK_END, SEEK_SET,
- SEE_CUR, TMP_MAX, clearerr, feof, ferror, fileno, fropen, fwopen, getc,
- getchar, putc, putchar, stderr, stdin, stdout. Function versions of the
- macro functions feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno, getc, getchar,
- putc, and putchar exist and will be used if the macros definitions are
- explicitly removed.
-
- SSEEEE AALLSSOO
- open(2), close(2), read(2), write(2)
-
- BBUUGGSS
- The standard buffered functions do not interact well with certain other
- library and system functions, especially vfork and abort.
-
- SSTTAANNDDAARRDDSS
- The ssttddiioo library conforms to ANSI C3.1591989 (``ANSI C'').
-
- LLIISSTT OOFF FFUUNNCCTTIIOONNSS
- FFuunnccttiioonn DDeessccrriippttiioonn
- clearerr check and reset stream status
- fclose close a stream
- fdopen stream open functions
- feof check and reset stream status
- ferror check and reset stream status
- fflush flush a stream
- fgetc get next character or word from input stream
- fgetline get a line from a stream
- fgetpos reposition a stream
- fgets get a line from a stream
- fileno check and reset stream status
- fopen stream open functions
- fprintf formatted output conversion
- fpurge flush a stream
- fputc output a character or word to a stream
- fputs output a line to a stream
- fread binary stream input/output
- freopen stream open functions
- fropen open a stream
- fscanf input format conversion
- fseek reposition a stream
- fsetpos reposition a stream
- ftell reposition a stream
- funopen open a stream
- fwopen open a stream
- fwrite binary stream input/output
- getc get next character or word from input stream
- getchar get next character or word from input stream
- gets get a line from a stream
- getw get next character or word from input stream
- mktemp make temporary file name (unique)
- perror system error messages
- printf formatted output conversion
- putc output a character or word to a stream
- putchar output a character or word to a stream
- puts output a line to a stream
- putw output a character or word to a stream
- remove remove directory entry
- rewind reposition a stream
- scanf input format conversion
- setbuf stream buffering operations
- setbuffer stream buffering operations
- setlinebuf stream buffering operations
- setvbuf stream buffering operations
- snprintf formatted output conversion
- sprintf formatted output conversion
- sscanf input format conversion
- strerror system error messages
- sys_errlist system error messages
- sys_nerr system error messages
- tempnam temporary file routines
- tmpfile temporary file routines
- tmpnam temporary file routines
- ungetc unget character from input stream
- vfprintf formatted output conversion
- vfscanf input format conversion
- vprintf formatted output conversion
- vscanf input format conversion
- vsnprintf formatted output conversion
- vsprintf formatted output conversion
- vsscanf input format conversion
-
- 4th Berkeley Distribution May 6, 1991 3
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-