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HEAT
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1992-10-02
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SECTION XVI
HEAT EMERGENCIES
There are three types of heat emergencies you
may be required to treat.
1. HEAT STROKE
This is the most serious type of heat
emergency. It is LIFE-THREATENING and requires
IMMEDIATE and AGGRESSIVE treatment!
Heat stroke occurs when the body's heat
regulating mechanism fails. The body
temperature rises so high that brain damage
--and death-- may result unless the body is
cooled quickly.
SIGNS & SYMPTOMS
The victim's skin is HOT, RED and usually DRY.
Pupils are very small. The body temperature is
VERY HIGH, sometimes as high as 105 degrees.
FIRST AID
Remember, Heat Stroke is a life-threatening
emergency and requires prompt action!
Summon professional help. Get the victim into
a cool place.
COOL THE VICTIM AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE IN ANY
MANNER POSSIBLE! Place the victim into a
bathtub of cool water, wrap in wet sheets,
place in an air conditioned room.
Do not give victim anything by mouth. Treat for
shock.
2. HEAT EXHAUSTION
Heat exhaustion is less dangerous than heat
stroke. It is caused by fluid loss which in
turn causes blood flow to decrease in
vital organs, resulting in a form of shock.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
COOL, PALE AND MOIST skin, heavy sweating,
dilated pupils (wide), headache, nausea,
dizziness and vomiting. Body temperature
will be near normal.
FIRST AID
Get the victim out of the heat and into a cool
place. Place in the shock position, lying on
the back with feet raised. Remove or loosen
clothing. Cool by fanning or applying cold
packs or wet towels or sheets. If conscious,
give water to drink every 15 minutes.
IMPORTANT: WHILE HEAT EXHAUSTION IS NOT A LIFE-
THREATENING EMERGENCY LIKE HEAT STROKE, IT CAN
PROGRESS TO HEAT STROKE IF LEFT UNTREATED!
3. HEAT CRAMPS
Heat cramps are muscular pain and spasms due
to heavy exertion. They usually involve the
abdominal muscles or legs. It is generally
thought this condition is caused by
loss of water and salt through sweating.
FIRST AID
Get victim to a cool place. If they can
tolerate it, give one-half glass of water every
15 minutes. Heat cramps can usually be avoided
by increasing fluid intake when active in hot
weather.
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