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1996-01-30
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Document 0566
DOCN M9610566
TI Radionuclide brain imaging in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
DT 9601
AU Costa DC; Gacinovic S; Miller RF; University College London Medical
School, Middlesex Hospital, UK.
SO Q J Nucl Med. 1995 Sep;39(3):243-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96033593
AB Infection with the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) may
produce a variety of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms and signs.
CNS involvement in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
(AIDS) includes AIDS dementia complex or HIV-1 associated
cognitive/motor complex (widely known as HIV encephalopathy),
progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy (PML), opportunistic
infections such as Toxoplasma gondii, TB, Cryptococcus and infiltration
by non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma. High resolution structural imaging
investigations, either X-ray Computed Tomography (CT scan) or Magnetic
Resonance Imaging (MRI) have contributed to the understanding and
definition of cerebral damage caused by HIV encephalopathy. Atrophy and
mainly high signal scattered white matter abnormalities are commonly
seen with MRI. PML produces focal white matter high signal abnormalities
due to multiple foci of demyelination. However, using structural imaging
techniques there are no reliable parameters to distinguish focal lesions
due to opportunistic infection (Toxoplasma gondii abscess) from neoplasm
(lymphoma infiltration). In this manuscript we review the use of
radionuclide brain imaging techniques in the investigation of HIV
infected patients. Brain perfusion single photon emission tomography
(SPET), neuroreceptor and positron emission tomography (PET) studies are
reviewed. Greater emphasis is put on the potential of some
radiopharmaceuticals, considered to be brain tumor markers, to
distinguish intracerebral lymphoma infiltration from Toxoplasma
infection. SPET with 201Tl using quantification (tumour to nontumour
radioactivity ratios) appears a very promising technique to identify
intracerebral lymphoma.
DE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/COMPLICATIONS/*RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING
AIDS Dementia Complex/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING AIDS-Related Opportunistic
Infections/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING Brain/*RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING Brain
Diseases/COMPLICATIONS/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING Brain
Neoplasms/RADIONUCLIDE IMAGING Human JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).