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1996-02-26
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Document 0032
DOCN M9620032
TI In vitro evaluation of combination of fluconazole and flucytosine
against Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans.
DT 9602
AU Nguyen MH; Barchiesi F; McGough DA; Yu VL; Rinaldi MG; Department of
Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,; Pennsylvania 15213,
USA.
SO Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 Aug;39(8):1691-5. Unique Identifier :
AIDSLINE MED/96100733
AB Amphotericin B and fluconazole are current acceptable therapies for
cryptococcal meningitis; however, their effect remains suboptimal. The
combination of fluconazole and flucytosine has yielded encouraging
clinical results in human immunodeficiency virus patients with
cryptococcal meningitis. To investigate the biological basis of this
finding, we performed in vitro combination testing of fluconazole and
flucytosine against 50 clinical strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var.
neoformans. Synergy (fractional inhibitory concentration index of < 1.0)
was observed in 62% of cases, while antagonism (fractional inhibitory
concentration index of > 2.0) was not observed. For cases in which
synergy was not achieved (autonomous or additive effects), the
beneficial effect of the combination was still seen (i.e., there was
still a decrease, although not as dramatic, in the MIC of one or both
drugs when used in combination). The in vitro inhibitory action of
flucytosine was greatly enhanced by the addition of fluconazole; the
flucytosine MICs for Cryptococcus isolates were markedly decreased to
concentrations which were severalfold lower than the achievable
cerebrospinal fluid flucytosine concentration. On the other hand, the
addition of flucytosine did not greatly enhance the in vitro activity of
fluconazole if the initial fluconazole MIC for the isolate was > or = 8
micrograms/ml. Controlled clinical studies are warranted to further
elucidate the potential utility of fluconazole-flucytosine combination
therapy.
DE Antifungal Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY Cryptococcus neoformans/*DRUG EFFECTS
Drug Combinations Drug Synergism Fluconazole/*PHARMACOLOGY
Flucytosine/*PHARMACOLOGY Microbial Sensitivity Tests Support,
Non-U.S. Gov't JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).