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1996-02-26
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Document 0355
DOCN M9620355
TI Characteristics of a group of nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors with structural diversity and potent anti-human
immunodeficiency virus activity.
DT 9602
AU Yang SS; Fliakas-Boltz V; Bader JP; Buckheit RW Jr; Antiviral Evaluation
Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda,; MD 20892, USA.
SO Leukemia. 1995 Oct;9 Suppl 1:S75-85. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96022226
AB Current thrust in controlling the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) focuses on antiviral drug development targeting the infection and
replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative
agent of AIDS. To date, treatment of AIDS has relied on nucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitors such as AZT, ddI, and ddC, which
eventually become ineffective upon the emergence of resistant mutants
bearing specific nucleotide substitutions. The Anti-AIDS Drug Screening
Program of the NCI conducts and coordinates a high-capacity semi-robotic
in vitro screening of synthetic or natural compounds submitted by
academic, research and pharmaceutical institutions world-wide. About
10,000 synthetic compounds are screened annually for anti-HIV activity.
Confirmed active agents are subjected to in-depth studies on range and
mechanism of action. Emerging from this intense screening activity were
a number of potentially promising categories of nonnucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) with structural diversity but strong
and reproducible anti-HIV activity. Over 2500 active compounds were
evaluated for their inhibitory activity against a panel of both
laboratory and clinical virus isolates in the appropriate established
cell line or fresh human peripheral blood leukocyte and macrophage
preparations. Out of these, 40 agents could be placed structurally in
nine categories with an additional 16 unique compounds that share the
characteristics of NNRTI. These NNRTIs were shown to inhibit reverse
transcriptase enzymatically using homopolymeric or ribosomal RNA as
templates. NNRTIs demonstrated similarity in their inhibitory pattern
against the HIV-1 laboratory strains IIIB and RF, and an AZT-resistant
strain; all were inactive against HIV-2. These compounds were further
tested against NNRTI-resistant HIV-1 isolates. NNRTI-resistant HIV-1
isolates were selected and characterized with respect to the change(s)
in the viral reverse transcriptase nucleotide sequence. Also,
differential cross-resistance or sensitivity patterns to NNRTIs were
studied in detail among NNRTI-resistant mutants. When tested in
combination with AZT, all of the NNRTI's uniformly exhibited synergistic
inhibition of HIV-1, suggesting that combination antiviral therapy of
NNRTIs with AZT may be therapeutically promising for AIDS treatment.
DE Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*DRUG THERAPY Antiviral
Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY/THERAPEUTIC USE Cell Line Cell Survival/DRUG
EFFECTS Comparative Study Drug Resistance, Microbial Drug
Screening/METHODS Human HIV-1/*DRUG EFFECTS/PHYSIOLOGY National
Institutes of Health (U.S.) Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitors/*PHARMACOLOGY/THERAPEUTIC USE RNA-Directed DNA
Polymerase/*METABOLISM Structure-Activity Relationship Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S. United States JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).