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Document 0982
DOCN M9620982
TI Effects of tyrphostins, protein kinase inhibitors, on human
immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase.
DT 9602
AU Mazumder A; Gazit A; Levitzki A; Nicklaus M; Yung J; Kohlhagen G;
Pommier Y; Laboratories of Molecular Pharmacology and Medicinal
Chemistry,; National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
SO Biochemistry. 1995 Nov 21;34(46):15111-22. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96072749
AB Efficient replication of HIV-1 requires establishment of the proviral
state, i.e., the integration of a DNA copy of the viral genome,
synthesized by reverse transcriptase, into a chromosome of the host
cell. Integration is catalyzed by the viral integrase protein. We have
previously reported that phenolic moieties in compounds such as
napthoquinones, flavones, caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), and
curcumin confer inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase. We have
extended these findings by examining the effects of tryphostins,
tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The catalytic activities of HIV-1 integrase
and the formation of enzyme-DNA complexes using photocross-linking were
examined. Both steps of the integration reaction, 3'-processing and
strand transfer, were inhibited by tyrphostins at micromolar
concentrations. The DNA binding activity of integrase was inhibited at
higher concentrations of tryphostins. Disintegration, an apparent
reversal of the strand transfer reaction, catalyzed by an integrase
mutant lacking the N-terminal zinc finger and C-terminal DNA binding
domains is also inhibited by tyrphostins, indicating that the binding
site for these compounds resides in the central catalytic core of HIV-1
integrase. Binding of tyrphostins at or near the integrase catalytic
site was also suggested by experiments showing a global inhibition of
the choice of attacking nucleophile in the 3'-processing reaction. None
of the tryphostins tested inhibited eukaryotic topoisomerase I, even at
100 microM, suggesting selectivity for integrase inhibition.
Molecular-modeling studies have revealed that, after energy
minimization, several tyrphostins may adopt folded conformations. The
similarity of the tyrphostin family to other families of inhibitors is
discussed. Tyrphostins may provide lead compounds for development of
novel antiviral agents for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome based upon inhibition of HIV-1 integrase.
DE Antiviral Agents/*PHARMACOLOGY Base Sequence Binding Sites
Cross-Linking Reagents DNA/CHEMISTRY/METABOLISM DNA
Nucleotidyltransferases/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIB/METABOLISM Enzyme
Inhibitors/*PHARMACOLOGY HIV-1/*ENZYMOLOGY Molecular Sequence Data
Nitriles/*PHARMACOLOGY Protein-Tyrosine Kinase/*ANTAGONISTS & INHIB
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. Ultraviolet Rays JOURNAL ARTICLE
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).