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Document 0956
DOCN M9650956
TI Failure of antiretroviral therapy: role of viral and cellular factors.
DT 9505
AU Cinatl J Jr; Cinatl J; Rabenau H; Doerr HW; Weber B; Institut fur
Medizinische Virologie, Universitatskliniken; Frankfurt, Deutschland.
SO Intervirology. 1994;37(6):307-14. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
MED/96022717
AB Effective therapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is
mainly based on inhibition of reverse transcriptase by nucleoside
analogues such as zidovudine (azidothymidine; AZT), didanosine, and
zalcitabine. A major problem associated with long-term AZT therapy is
the waning efficacy ('clinical resistance') over time. Clinical isolates
of HIV-1 with reduced susceptibility to AZT can be recovered from
HIV-infected individuals under prolonged treatment. However, the
clinical importance of AZT resistance is uncertain. Other factors such
as increased virus burden, increased virulence, and AZT toxicity could
contribute, singly or in combination, to the loss of therapeutic
benefit. Recent observations based on experimental models and clinical
trials suggest that cellular mechanisms ('cellular resistance') may
account for clinical resistance to antiviral agents. In vitro
experiments demonstrated that in analogy to antitumoral therapy, the
acquisition of multidrug resistance, i.e., resistance of cells to
multiple, structurally unrelated chemotherapeutic agents, may play a
role in the failure of long-term antiretroviral therapy. The 'cellular
resistance' may contribute directly to the failure of antiviral therapy
by the generation of subtherapeutic levels of antiviral compounds and/or
their active forms. Indirectly, such subtherapeutic concentrations of
active substances which permit limited replication of virus may
represent a selective pressure for emergence and development of a
resistant virus population. Hence it is of great importance to
investigate the role of cellular factors in 'clinical resistance' to AZT
and other anti-HIV agents. More detailed knowledge of cellular
interactions and antiviral agents could help to improve or develop new
strategies for antiviral therapy regimens.
DE Antiviral Agents/*THERAPEUTIC USE Clinical Trials Drug Resistance,
Microbial Drug Resistance, Multiple Human HIV Infections/*DRUG
THERAPY/VIROLOGY HIV-1/*DRUG EFFECTS/PATHOGENICITY Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors/*THERAPEUTIC USE Treatment Failure JOURNAL
ARTICLE REVIEW REVIEW, TUTORIAL
SOURCE: National Library of Medicine. NOTICE: This material may be
protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).