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GRADING.DOC
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Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 1
HOW MAGIC GRADEBOOK MANAGER COMPUTES GRADES
Adapted for versions since Version 2.1
LETTER GRADE RANGES
The preset Letter Grade Ranges used by Magic Gradebook Manager are:
A greater than or equal to 3.5
B greater than or equal to 2.5 but less than 3.5
C greater than or equal to 1.5 but less than 2.5
D greater than or equal to 0.5 but less then 1.5
F less than 0.5
If the Plus/Minus Option is ON, the upper two tenths of each range above
is assigned a PLUS and the lower two tenths of each range above is
assigned a MINUS, except the F range. The ranges then look like this:
A+ greater than or equal to 4.3
A greater than or equal to 3.7 but less then 4.3
A- greater than or equal to 3.5 but less than 3.7
B+ greater than or equal to 3.3 but less then 3.5
B greater than or equal to 2.7 but less than 3.3
B- greater than or equal to 2.5 but less then 2.7
C+ greater than or equal to 2.3 but less then 2.5
C greater than or equal to 1.7 but less than 2.3
C- greater than or equal to 1.5 but less then 1.7
D+ greater than or equal to 1.3 but less then 1.5
D greater than or equal to 0.7 but less than 1.3
D- greater than or equal to 0.5 but less then 0.7
F+ greater than or equal to 0.3 but less than 0.5
F less than 0.3
These preset Letter Grade Ranges can be adjusted in version 1.3 or higher.
LETTER GRADE ASSIGNMENT VALUES
Whenever a Letter Grade is assigned a numerical value, the middle
value that letter grade's range is used for the assignment value.
Mathematically speaking, this is the midpoint of the upper and lower
bounds of each range. Exceptions are assignments values for: A+, which
is 0.1 more than the minimum range value for A+; A (when the Plus/Minus
Option is OFF), which is set equal to the minimum range value for A,
but not less than 4.0; and F, which is always 0.0 (zero). A LETTER GRADE
of zero (as opposed to zero points or zero percent) is assigned the
value -1. The assignments are then as follows:
A 4.0
B 3.0
C 2.0
D 1.0
F 0.0
0 -1.0
Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 2
If the Plus/Minus Option is ON, the assignment values to the middle
value of each letter grade's range look like this:
A+ 4.4
A 4.0
A- 3.6
B+ 3.4
B 3.0
B- 2.6
C+ 2.4
C 2.0
C- 1.6
D+ 1.4
D 1.0
D- 0.6
F+ 0.4
F 0.0
0 -1.0
How Letter Grades are Averaged
When Magic Gradebook Manager averages letter grades, each letter grade
is assigned a value according to the above assignments and the grades
are then averaged. Any grade assigned an asterisk (*) is ignored and
not counted. The resulting numerical average is then checked against
the Letter Grade Ranges listed above, and the letter grade for the
RANGE is assigned to the average. The procedure thus far is used both
for averaging grades of activities using letter grades and for
averaging the letter grades of all activities in order to compute the
final nine weeks grade.
It is important to understand what Magic Gradebook Manager does with
the numerical average and resulting letter grade of each activity in
order to compute the nine weeks grade of the student, as the actual
computed numerical average of the activity is NOT NECESSARILY used to
the compute the final grade. The reason for this is that to do so
would allow the rare possibility that two students having the same
letter grades as activity averages might end up with different final
grades.
Instead, Magic Gradebook Manager computes the numerical average,
assigns a letter grade based on the Letter Grade Ranges, and then
RESETS the numerical average to the Letter Grade Assignment Value of
the resulting letter grade. This new numerical average is then used
to compute the final grade.
Beginning with Version 2.1, letter grade nine weeks averages are stripped
of any plus or minus just before the Letter Grade Assignment Value is
assigned. This stripping of pluses and minuses can be overridden by
selecting Gradepoint Method/± when compiling grade averages.
Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 3
If no assignments have been entered for a particular activity, the
letter grade is displayed as an asterisk (*) for each student and that
activity is omitted from the computation of the final grade.
If a student has all excused grades (*) entered under the activity
(which might occur for a student new to the class a day or so before
the end of a marking period), that student's letter grade for the
activity is assigned an asterisk (*) to indicate that the entire
activity is excused, and that activity is omitted from the computation
of the final grade for the student. This is true for computation of
activity averages for PERCENTS and POINTS also.
For a demonstration of just how this works, see the Sample Grade
Computation at the end of this section of documentation.
How Percents are Averaged
When an activity is assigned PERCENTS as a grading method, Magic
Gradebook Manager averages the numerical values entered into the
gradebook, ignoring any asterisks (*) and assigning all blanks to the
value zero. The resulting average percent for the activity is checked
against the ranges set by the teacher using the Grading Scale Option
on the Edit Menu and a letter grade is assigned to the activity.
When computing the final grade, the Letter Grade Assignment Value of
the resulting letter grade is used. This is called the "Gradepoint
Method".
Beginning with Version 2.1, you can choose the "Percent Method" of grade
compilation if you are using PERCENTS for all activities for the
semester including the Final Exam. The Percent Method maintains the
percent average's integrity throughout compilation right down to the
final semester grade. Each letter grade is simply based on the percent
average displayed next to it. This results in significantly different
results for nine weeks averages and the semester grade. The option is
provided because some school systems require this method.
How Points are Averaged
When an activity is assign POINTS as a grading method, Magic Gradebook
Manager adds up all the points accumulated by the student, as entered
into the gradebook by the teacher. Any asterisks (*) are ignored and
blanks are assigned a zero. The student's total points is then
converted to a percentage using the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS and the
percentage is converted to a letter grade and Letter Grade Assignment
Value as described above under How Percents are Averaged.
Note that if a student has scores of asterisk (*) on certain days
indicating that assignments for those days were excused, his/her total
points will be converted to a percentage using the MAXIMUM TOTAL
POINTS MINUS THE MAXIMUM SCORE FOUND FOR THOSE DAYS.
Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 4
However, the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS may be changed by the teacher at the
time grade averages are compiled by pressing C from the Report Menu.
Here is how Magic Gradebook Manager computes the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS
for an activity using POINTS:
In each column, each student's point score is inspected and the
largest point score for the column is used as the maximum points
for that column. The total of the maximum points for each column
under each date is used as the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS.
If a teacher wishes, a fictitious student's name may be entered and
that name could be assigned the maximum points for each assignment.
This way, the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS would represent a true maximum
even if no actual student made a perfect score on a certain
assignment. "A MAX" is suggested in one of the program Help
Windows because it would most likely come first alphabetically.
To place the fictitious at the end of the class list, one might use
"ZZ MAX POINTS". Be sure to press Alt W to mark this fictitious student
as having withdrawn--thus omitting those grades from class averages.
When C is pressed to Compile Grade Averages from the Report Menu,
the Grade Averaging Window appears briefly. If Magic Gradebook
Manager finds an activity using POINTS, the compilation will pause,
and the teacher will hear a beep, see the name of the activity
and the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS found as described above, and see the
message: "Enter new value, or press Esc to use XX:" (where XX is
the value found). If the teacher desires, a new value may be used
instead of the one displayed. This feature is provided because, in
consultation with a number of other teachers, some teachers
expressed the desire to be able to change the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS
in order to "curve" the grades. If the displayed value is okay,
simply press Esc at this point. The compilation process will
continue and as soon as it is completed in a few seconds, the
Grade Averaging Window will disappear.
How the Nine Weeks Grade is Computed
Each activity has a Percentage of Grade that is entered by the teacher
from the Activity Setup Window. Magic Gradebook Manager will insure that
the total Percentages of Grade for each nine weeks equals 100 percent.
When Magic Gradebook Manager computes the final grade, each Letter
Grade Assignment Value for each activity is multiplied by the
corresponding Percentage of Grade. The sum of these products is then
divided by 100. A Final Letter Grade is then assigned based on the
Letter Grade Ranges.
Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 5
If one or more activities have a letter grade average of asterisk (*)
indicating all excused grades, no product is computed or added for the
activity, and the numerical average is computed, not by dividing by
100, but rather by 100 less the Percentage or Percentages of Grade of
the one or more activities. In this way, the final letter grade
represents an average of only those activities that the student was
responsible for.
If all activities have a letter grade average of asterisk (*), the
final grade is also assigned an asterisk.
If all of this seems a little complicated, you should have tried
writing the code for the computer program!
Sample Grade Computation
Let's take a fictitious student named Jim Forbes and compute his final
grade. Here are his grades:
Activity TESTS uses PERCENTS, Percentage of Grade = 50%
90, 85, *, 74, 78, 83
Activity QUIZES uses POINTS, Percentage of Grade = 20%
8, 7, 9, 7, 8, 8, 7, 9, 8, 9, *, *, 7, 10, 8, 8, 9, 9, blank, 10
Activity HOMEWORK uses LETTERS/±, Percentage of Grade = 20%
B, B, A, C+, blank, D, *, B, A-, B-, B+, *, C-, B, B, C+, A+
Activity NOTEBOOK uses LETTERS/±, Percentage of Grade = 10%
A-, A-, B+, C
The average of activity TESTS using PERCENTS is computed as follows:
90 + 85 + 74 + 78 + 83 = 410
The sum is divided by 5, not 6, because one test was excused.
410 ÷ 6 = 82.0 to the nearest tenth of a percent.
According to the Grading Scale, 82.0 is B-, which has a Letter Grade
Assignment Value of 2.6.
Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 6
The average of activity QUIZES using POINTS is computed as follows:
8 + 7 + 9 + 7 + 8 + 8 + 7 + 9 +
8 + 9 + 7 + 10 + 8 + 8 + 9 + 9 + 0 + 10 = 141
Note that the blank is counted as zero and the asterisks are not
counted at all.
For ease of computation in this example, let's assume that the
maximum points for each day was 10, although they could easily be
varying values. Then the MAXIMUM TOTAL POINTS for the activity will
be 10 times 20 assignments, which is 200. If the teacher does not
change this value, 200 will be used. Since Jim was excused on 2 of
those days, his adjusted maximum total points is 180.
His points, converted to a percentage is 140 ÷ 180 which is 77.8% to
the nearest tenth of a percent. According to the Grading Scale,
77.8 is a C, which has a Letter Grade Assignment Value of 2.0.
The average of activity HOMEWORK using LETTERS/± is computed as
follows:
The letters are assigned their Letter Grade Assignment Values and
these values are averaged ...
Grade: B B A C+ blank D, * B, A- B- B+
Value: 3.0 3.0 4.0 2.4 0.0 1.0 - 3.0 3.6 2.6 3.4
Grade: * C- B B C+ A+
Value: - 1.6 3.0 3.0 2.4 4.4
The sum of the values is 40.4. Although there are 17 letter grades,
2 are excused, so we divide by 15.
40.4 ÷ 15 = 2.6933, the letter grade numerical average.
According to the Letter Grade Ranges, 2.6933 is a B-.
The letter grade numerical average is changed to the Letter Grade
Assignment Value of B-, which is 2.6.
Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 7
The average of activity NOTEBOOK using LETTERS/± is computed as
follows:
The letters are assigned their Letter Grade Assignment Values and
these values are averaged ...
Grades: A- A- B+ C
Values: 3.6 3.6 3.4 2.0
The sum of the 4 values is 3.15.
Their average is 12.6 ÷ 4, which is 3.15, the letter grade numerical
average.
According to the Letter Grade Ranges, 3.15 is a B.
The letter grade numerical average is changed to the Letter Grade
Assignment Value of B, which is 3.0.
Once all four activities are averaged, their Letter Grade Assignment
Values are totaled and divided by 4, the number of activities...
Activity Numerical Average Percentage of Grade
TESTS 2.6 50%
QUIZES 2.0 20%
HOMEWORK 2.6 20%
NOTEBOOK 3.0 10%
Each Numerical Average is multiplied by its Percentage of Grade and
the products are totaled to get the final numerical average...
(2.6 x 0.50) + (2.0 x 0.20) + (2.6 x 0.20) + (3.0 + 0.10) = 2.52
According to the Letter Grade Ranges, 2.52 is a B-.
So Jim Forbes' Final Grade is a B-.
Magic Gradebook Manager, Computation Manual, Page 8
Version 2.1 ADDENDUM
Computation of Semester Grades