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The Education Master 1994 (4th Edition)
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ch.5
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1993-03-21
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PLANTS FOR WILD BIRDS
CONIFERS
Conifers are evergreen trees and shrubs that include pines,
spruces, firs, arborvitae, junipers, cedars, and yews. These
plants are important as escape cover, winter shelter, and
summer nesting sites. Some also provide sap, buds, and seeds.
GRASSES and LEGUMES
Grasses and legumes can provide cover for ground nesting
birds, especially if the area is not mowed during the nesting
season. Some grasses and legumes provide seeds as well.
Native prairie are becoming increasingly popular for cover
and landscaping use.
NECTAR PRODUCING PLANTS
Nectar producing plants are very popular for attracting
hummingbirds and orioles. Flowers with tubular red corollas
are especially attractive to hummers. Other trees, shrubs,
vines and flowers can also provide nectar for hummingbirds.
SUMMER FRUITING PLANTS
This category includes plants that produce fruits or
berries from May through August. Among birds that can be
attracted in the summer are brown thrashers, catbirds,
robins, thrushes, waxwings, woodpeckers, orioles, cardinals,
towhees, and grosbeaks. Examples of summer-fruiting plants
are various species of cherry, chokecherry, honeysuckle,
raspberry, serviceberry, blackberry, blueberry, grape,
mulberry,plum, and elderberry.
FALL FRUITING PLANTS
This landscape component includes shrubs and vines whose
fruit are ripe in the fall. These foods are important both
for migratory birds which build up fat reserve prior to
migration and as a food source for non-migratory species that
need to enter the winter season in good physical condition.
Fall-fruiting plants include dogwoods, mountain ash,
winterberries, cottoneasters, and buffalo berries.
WINTER FEEDING PLANTS
Winter-fruiting plants are those whose fruits remain
attached to the plant long after they first become ripe in
the fall. Many are not palatable until they have frozen and
thawed numerous times. Examples are glossy black
chokecherry, Siberian and "red splendor" crabapple,
snowberry, bittersweet, sumacs, American highbush cranberry,
eastern and European wahoo, Virginia creeper, and Chinaberry.
NUT AND ACORN PLANTS
These include oaks, hickories, buckeyes, chestnuts,
butternuts, walnuts, and hazels. The meats of broken nuts and
acorns are eaten by a variety of birds. These plants also
provide good nesting habitat.
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