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MUSIC.PWR
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1985-11-20
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***************************************************************************
A ROUGH GUIDE TO THE ST MUSIC FIELD
Written by Colin of the Gosport Fun Factory ™
***************************************************************************
When I first got my ATARI ST after owning a (Dare I say C64?!), I was amazed
to hear the quality of music that was around for my machine, not only from
the simple tunes that you could produce by using the STOS Music.acb,but
also from the sheer quality of some of the Tracker.MOD Files that can be
found in any P.D. Libraries and as I used to be a Musician (Playing Guitar
in some Groups), I found this quality of music quite remarkable, I only
wished I had my ST back in the 50's (Yes, I know it wasn't made then!!), I
would have made stardom with it (Paul Hardcastle Watch out!). It was at this
point I started to realise how much potential the Good Old ST had.
So,putting pen to paper as it were,I decided to do some investigations
into the Who,What and Why of the Music Scene (Boy,what a task) as some of
you out there probably know as much about different music files as I know
about the MAASTRICHT Treaty,the first lesson I had to learn was about all
the different types of Music Files there are around,like Picture Files it
can be quite confusing to the plain novice (Why they can't boil it down
to about 5 Formats I'll never know!!). First we have the Modules,they can
come in various types from Amiga,TCB,Noisetracker,Elson,Sync and many more.
These types play Music using Real time Sound Samples (See later),and in
most of these Trackers you can usually use the Computers Keyboard to enter
in each note after selecting what instrument sample you want to use,this is
a good way of trying to compose some music,even if you don't know a note
from a Quaver (No,it's not a packet of Crisps!!). The other way is to use
some sort of a Sequencer,where instead of using your keyboard,you use a
device called a Midi System to record and play your Masterpiece on. This
comprises of a Professional Music Keyboard connected via your computer. This
system is the best to use (if you can afford it) and will always give you
excellent results even though you might only play "Twinkle Twinkle Little
Star".
Next we come to the different types of Files there are : They come in
formats like SNG,MOD,MIDI,MUS,MUD,MBK and many more,a lot of the MOD Files
either come in Signed/Unsigned types (See later) or are compressed to save
valuable Disk space.The next stage of learning for me was what types of
Sound Samples there are,there again,the types mainly used were AVR,SPL
SAM,RAW,and IFF Files. These can be split up into 2 Groups (Signed/Unsigned)
The difference is simple,Signed Samples store the Data and numbers ranging
from -128 to +127,whereas Unsigned store them from 0 to 255 and usually in
RAW Data Forms. If you have ever Loaded up Maestro then put a sound sample
in and it sounds very fuzzy,then it is because the sample is in the wrong
Signed Format, most other Programs like Stereo Master etc. can change this
from Signed to Unsigned and visa versa at the touch of a key. This comes
in handy to convert most of your Samples to use for your Tracker.
The sound samples comprise of 2 types [1] Sound Effects and [2] Music,the
latter consisting of Drum,Instruments and Percussion for use in Trackers
Ect.
Most of the Music Samples are recorded at 14-16khz as they have to be
standard (you don't want to hear a tune with some flat notes or it's out
of key),it doesn't matter with any Sound Effects like a Scream or smashing
of glass,and in some cases increasing or de-creasing the playback speed
of the sample can make quite an improvement (Try hearing Maggie Thatcher
and speeding her up,she sounds like Madonna on Helium).If you are Lucky
enough to own a Sampling Cartridge then this will help you create any
sounds from your Stereo,Video Recorder and any other source that has a
provision for connecting to it,it is advisable if using one of these
Cartridges to sample at the fastest speed,as this will eliminate any Noise
from the Background (In most cases) and will give you a clear Sound.
Most games these days use some sort of Sound Effects or Music as a
background to the game and as we are all in the process of upgrading our
ST's to at least 1 Meg, we find that the larger games rely on more advanced
techniques to enhance there Sound. Even us Mortal Programmers can create
pretty good Games using Sampled Sounds that makes it all too easy for us.
I hope that this has been of some use to you as a Novice Musician and that
this will help you in the understanding of the ST's Musical Capabilities.
For the Technically Minded:Samples are usually stored as 2-16 bit Info
with there own Signature written into the Header of the Files. Below is a
small list of the Headers for some of the popular programs used.
MAESTRO [jon] STEREOMASTER [stereo./] VIDEOMASTER [2 bit]
QUARTET [2 bit] SEQUENCER 1 [form] TCB TRACKER [an cool]
STOS MUSIC.MBK [lionpoubank] CZI.MUS [count zer]