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Imperfect
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1995-06-24
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VERBMASTER: THE AID TO LEARNING FOREIGN VERBS
FRENCH MODULE
by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995.
***** GrammarText *****
***** The IMPERFECT Tense *****
Checklist: GCSE - Essential
A Level - Essential
- 1 - ===== Use =====
The imperfect tense is a past tense that denotes:
* an incompleted action, eg I was watching TV;
* a habitual action, eg I used to watch TV;
* descriptions of people, things and emotions - eg:
- je portais un complet noir = I was wearing/wore a black suit
- il semblait très content = he seemed very pleased.
The distinction between the perfect and imperfect tenses is sometimes
quite difficult to see, but generally the imperfect has the idea of
something being on-going - it didn't happen and stop happening in an
instant. Descriptions of weather are often in the imperfect (it was
raining, etc).
- 2 - ===== Exceptions =====
There are a few exceptional occasions when French uses the imperfect:
- when you are using a 'depuis' clause (=since), when an English
PLUPERFECT tense would be used, eg.
* I had been here since yesterday.
= J'étais ici depuis hier.
* I had been learning French for 3 years.
= J'apprennais le français depuis 3 ans.
- when using the 'venir de + infintive' construction, eg.
* I had just finished, when ...
= Je venais de finir, quand ...
- when using a 'si' clause to express a hypothesis (English uses a
slightly different form, actually a remnant of the subjunctive mood), eg.
* If I WERE rich, I would buy a car.
= Si j'étais riche, j'achèterais une voiture.
- 3 - ===== Formation =====
Regular verbs: have a look at the standard conjugations of -er / -ir / -re
verbs from the file 'Regulars'. Note that the stem of the imperfect is
the 'nous' form of the present tense, without the 'ons'.
Irregular verbs: Most of these are actually regular using that rule about
finding the stem; the endings are always regular. The major exceptions are
- as always! - avoir and être -> j'avais, j'étais etc.
Slightly irregular verbs: (see GrammarText - Present Tense) The
'1,2,3,6 verbs' do NOT retain the irregularity they had in the present
tense, eg
* se lever -> je me levais / nous nous levions
* acheter -> j'achetais / nous achetions
Those which change in the 'nous' form by adding an -e before the ending
or taking a c-cedilla DO RETAIN their irregularity in the imperfect tense,
because the letter again needs to be softened, hence:
* manger -> je mangEais / nous mangEions
* commencer -> je commenÇais / nous commenÇions
- 4 - ===== Impersonals =====
(These verbs are not included in VerbMaster-French because they are only
really used in the 'il' form; also some general phrases)
falloir -> il fallait (it was necessary)
pleuvoir -> il pleuvait (it was raining)
ça allait! (I was alright, etc)
il y avait (there were)
- End -
GrammarText is written by and (c) Nigel Caplan, 1995
Only to be distributed with VerbMaster-French, a SHAREWARE package.
Registered users may print and photocopy this text under licence.
This text is an overview; you are advised to consult a grammar book.
(Errors and omissions excepted - but please contact me!)
>NAC; 24.v.95