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- The Brezhnev
- years saw huge
- military expansion.
- Sea and air power
- provided global
- reach and gave
- the Soviet Union
- superpower
- status. But the
- economy was
- drained. Living
- standards, rising
- at the beginning
- of the Brezhnev
- era, were falling
- fast by the end
- #
- Brezhnev was
- typical of the
- Soviet bureau-
- cracy, skilled in
- intrigue and
- maneuver but
- lacking vision.
- His position as
- leader was
- consolidated in
- 1966, when he
- became general
- secretary of the
- communist party.
- He wooed the
- 'nomenklatura',
- the Party elite,
- with special
- privileges
- #
- Leonid Brezhnev
- reacted to signs
- of liberalism in
- Poland and
- Czechoslovakia by
- clamping down
- hard on dissidents
- at home. In the
- 'Prague Spring' of
- 1968, the Czech
- leader Alexander
- Dubcek promised
- 'socialism with a
- human face', but
- to the Russians
- it looked like an
- attempt to break
- away from
- Soviet control
- #
- Concerned that
- the Czech
- movement for
- democracy might
- spread, Brezhnev
- acted to strangle
- it at birth. Czecho-
- slovakia was
- swiftly overrun
- by a coalition
- of armed forces
- from the Warsaw
- treaty countries,
- and Dubcek was
- removed from
- power. The rest
- of the world
- was horrified
- #
- Brezhnev greatly
- expanded Soviet
- military power
- and extended
- Soviet activity in
- Africa and Asia.
- In an attempt to
- consolidate
- Moscow's hold on
- Afghanistan,
- Soviet troops
- were moved
- into Kabul at the
- end of 1979
- #
- The invasion of
- Afghanistan
- wrecked detente
- with the West
- and led to a
- widespread
- boycott of the
- Moscow Olympics
- in 1980. It was a
- monumental
- blunder which
- may well have
- contributed to the
- eventual collapse
- of the USSR
- #
- The repression of
- dissidents at
- home was matched
- by the attempted
- suppression of the
- liberal Solidarity
- movement in
- Poland. Although
- Brezhnev was ill,
- and probably
- incapable of
- making decisions
- by 1981, the
- Soviet system
- continued to
- function through
- a dull, instinctive
- dislike of change
- #
- Like Brezhnev
- himself, the
- Afghan war
- dragged on,
- debilitating,
- corrosive and
- ineffective
- @
- By the end of his
- life, Brezhnev
- was too pathetic
- to be despised.
- Russians joked
- about him and
- his absurd cult
- of personality,
- but in whispers,
- because all
- the oppressive
- machinery of the
- KGB was still
- firmly in place
- #
- Brezhnev died in
- November 1982.
- His hallmarks
- were stagnation
- and decline,
- beneath a facade
- of superpower
- status. Within a
- few years of his
- death, that
- monolithic facade
- began to crack
- #
- The corruption
- that accompanied
- the Brezhnev era
- was one of the
- first and easiest
- targets of the
- reformers when
- perestroika
- began. Russians
- were shocked and
- fascinated by
- revelations of
- the corruption of
- Brezhnev and
- his family
- #
- The fact that the
- Soviet Union
- could be ruled
- by a medically
- incapacitated
- man is a vivid
- indication of the
- fatal extent of
- the decay in the
- Communist system
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