In╣talßciaFreeBSD

FreeBSD

Nachßdzate sa na informaΦnej strßnke o operaΦnom systΘme FreeBSD.

In╣talßcia FreeBSD.

Zasu≥te prvΘ CD FreeBSD do CD mechaniky ak vßm CD b·tuje z CDROM mechaniky. Ak neb·tuje, z Dosu treba najprv vytvori╗ 2 systΘmovΘ diskety prφkazom rawrite.exe. S·bory pre tieto dve diskety s· ulo╛enΘ na instalaΦnom CD nosiΦi FreeBSD v adresßri /FLOPPIES. Prφpona je *.flp (kern.flp a mfsroot.flp). Tieto diskety treba vytvori╗ prikazom rawrite.exe A:. S·bor rawrite.exe je v adresßri /TOOLS. Diskety vßm vytvorφ aj s·bor makeflp.bat. Po re╣tartovanφ sa nab·tuje prvß disketa (kern.flp) a potom vsuniete druh·. Zobrazφ sa Vßm okno na konfigurßciu kernelu (rovnako aj v prφpade nab·tovania z CD), t· ignorujte alebo, ak viete, Φo treba robi╗, konfigurujte kernel. Konfigurßcia kernelu znamenß, ╛e keby ste mali napr. nejakΘ sie╗ovΘ karty, m⌠╛ete ich deaktivova╗ (ale aj PS/2 a inΘ zariadenia).
Potom sa vßm zobrazφ obrazovka, na ktorej zvolφte "Begin a standard installation". Vyberiete ju klßvesou "enter". Obrazovka vyzerß takto:

FreeBSD installation and configuration tool. Please select one of the options below by using the arrow keys or typing the first character of the option name you're interested in. Invoke an │ │ option by pressing [ENTER] or [TAB-ENTER] to exit the installation.

Usage                         Quick  start - How to use this menu system 
Standard                     Begin  a standard installation (recommended) 
Express                       Begin a quick installation (for the impatient) 
Custom                       Begin a custom installation (for experts) 
Configure                   Do   post-install configuration of FreeBSD
Doc                             Installation instructions, README, etc. 
Keymap                      Select  keyboard type 
Options                      View/Set various installation options 
Fixit                             Enter   repair mode with CDROM/floppy or start shell 
Upgrade                     Upgrade  an existing system 
Load Config              Load  default install configuration 
Index                          Glossary of functions 

             Select OK or Cancel to leave this menu.

Po stlaΦenφ "enter" na Standard uvidφte tak·to v²zvu:

[ ] ad0

[ ] ad1

[ ] da0 (Tu mi systΘm zobrazuje extern· mechaniku Zip Drive pod zariadenφm da0)

Tu si treba zvoli╗ disk, na ktor² chcete in╣talova╗ FreeBSD. Posu≥te sa kurzorom a vo╡bu uskutoΦnφte klßvesou "space" (medzernφk). ad0 je prv² fyzick² disk a ad1 druh² fyzick² disk.

Po potvrdenφ OK dostanete tak·to v²zvu:

Tu si zvolφte, kde sa bude in╣talova╗ boot manager. Asi bude dobrΘ in╣talova╗ boot manager, nein╣talovanie boot manageru je vhodnΘ iba vtedy, ak pou╛φvate in² boot manager, napr. Partition Magic - Boot Magic, GAG alebo OS/2 boot manager, ktor² mßm odsk·╣an² a ktor² nemß problΘmy s FreeBSD. Boot manager FreeBSD je ove╡a lep╣φ ako linuxovsk² boot manager Lilo. Napokon sa vßm zobrazφ nasledovnΘ okno:

Disk name:      wd0                                    FDISK Partition Editor
DISK Geometry: 1027 cyls/255 heads/63 sectors = 16498755 sectors
Offset       Size        End     Name PType       Desc Subtype    Flags
             0    16128      16127        -      6     unused        0
     16128    3469977   3486104    wd0s1      1    unknown       22
3486105    5108670   8594774    wd0s2      3    freebsd      165    C
8594775    7903980   16498754 wd0s3      4   extended        5    >
16498755      15309   16514063            -      6     unused        0    >

The following commands are supported (in upper or lower case):
A = Use Entire Disk                             C = Create Slice
D = Delete Slice                                   G = Set Drive Geometry   S = Set Bootable
T = Change Type                                 U = Undo All Changes     W = Write Changes
Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select.

Offset je zaΦiatok diskovΘho oddielu. Klßvesou "a" vyberiete cel² disk (samozrejme na in╣talßciu), klßvesou "d" vyma╛ete diskov² oddiel (napr. Microsoft, Φo vrele doporuΦujem), klßvesou "t" zmenφte typ diskovΘho oddielu, kde FAT je Φφslo 6, Linux Φφslo 131, Linux Swap Φφslo 130, FreeBSD Φφslo 165 a pod.(toto sl·╛i aj na dodatoΦnΘ konfigurovanie diskov²ch oddielov). Klßvesou "g" nastavφte geometriu disku (to robte len vtedy, keby ste mali star² BIOS), klßvesou "u" vrßtite v╣etky va╣e zmeny spΣ╗ (ak ste sa pom²lili), klßvesou "c" vytvorφte nov² diskov² oddiel, klßvesou "s" oznaΦφte diskov² oddiel ako ╣tartovate╡n², klßvesou "w" zapφ╣ete zmeny na disk. Ke∩ si nastavφte disky, staΦφ pou╛i╗ klßvesu "q" (nie "w"), Φφm sa dostanete do ∩al╣ieho okna:

The following commands are supported (in upper or lower case):
A = Use Entire Disk                             C = Create Slice
D = Delete Slice                                   G = Set Drive Geometry           S = Set Bootable
T = Change Type        U = Undo All Changes     W = Write Changes
Use F1 or ? to get more help, arrow keys to select.
Disk: wd0       Partition name: wd0s2   Free: 0 blocks (0MB)
Part      Mount           Size Newfs Part      Mount           Size Newfs
----      -----           ---- ----- ----      -----           ---- -----
wd0s2a    /              200MB UFS N
wd0s2b    swap           350MB SWAP
wd0s2e    /var           200MB UFS N
wd0s2f    /usr          1744MB UFS N
The following commands are valid here (upper or lower case):
C = Create      D = Delete         M = Mount pt. W = Write
N = Newfs Opts T = Newfs Toggle   U = Undo      Q = Finish
A = Auto Defaults for all!

Tu si vytvorφte diskovΘ oddiely vo vn·tri samotnΘho FreeBSD. "M" je mount point. Ale tu staΦφ pou╛i╗ klßvesu "a", Φφm si rozdelφte disky vo vn·tri FreeBSD automaticky aj s "mount point" (aby systΘm vedel, kde je adresßr /var a pod.). Toto delenie nevidφ DOS (fdisk Φi Partition Magic vidia iba jeden diskov² oddiel), vidφ ho iba FreeBSD. Na konci delenia partφciφ, ak bolo ·spe╣nΘ, pou╛ite klßvesu "q" a in╣talßcia je pripravenß. Nie je dobrΘ pou╛i╗ "w" (zapφsa╗ na disk), aby ste sa e╣te mohli vrßti╗ spΣ╗, keby ste urobili nejakΘ chyby.
FreeBSD pou╛φva tzv. "slices" a "partitions", t.j. vn·torne si logicky rozde╡uje disky, Φo znamenß, ╛e nemusφte fdiskom vytvßra╗ inΘ partφcie.

Potom dostanete ponuku na v²ber distrib·ciφ:

Choose Distributions As a convenience, we provide several "canned" distribution sets. These select what we consider to be the most reasonable defaults for the
type of system in question. If you would prefer to pick and choose the
list of distributions yourself, simply select "Custom". You can also
pick a canned distribution set and then fine-tune it with the Custom item.
                                                                              │
Choose an item by pressing [SPACE]. When you are finished, choose the Exit
item or press [ENTER].                                                        <<< X Exit                     Exit this menu (returning to previous)
    All                              All system sources, binaries and X Window System)
    Reset                          Reset selected distribution list to nothing
[ ] 4 Developer               Full sources, binaries and doc but no games
[ ] 5 X-Developer           Same as above + X Window System

[ ] 6 Kern-Developer Full binaries and doc, kernel sources only

[ ] 7 X-Kern-Developer Same as above + X Window system

[ ] 8 User                       Average user - binaries and doc only
[ ] 9 X-User                   Same as above + X Window System
[ ] A Minimal                  The smallest configuration possible
     B Custom                  Specify your own distribution set │

OK [Cancel]
[ Press F1 for more information on these options.

Tu medzernφkom treba oznaΦi╗ to, Φo potrebujete (napr. X-Developer). DoporuΦujem vybra╗
polo╛ku Φφslo 9 - X-User, aby ste mali aj X Windows. Potom treba v╣ak dodatoΦne in╣talova╗ zdrojovΘ k≤dy pre jadro, ak ho chcete prekompilova╗.

FreeBSD pou╛φva tzv. "ports" - po in╣talßcii, ak odpoviete na v²zvu, Φi chcete in╣talova╗ ports, vytvori sa adresßr (/usr/ports), v ktorom s· balφky obsahuj·ce iba najzßkladnej╣ie ·daje o programe. Ke∩ sa prepnete do adresßra napr. /usr/ports/ppxp, v adresßri ppxp iba staΦφ zada╗ "make". Musφte by╗ pripojenφ na Internet. SystΘm si zaΦne s╗ahova╗ potrebn² balφk ppxp zo siete a nain╣taluje vßm ho.
Dostanete aj v²zvu, Φi chcete in╣talova╗ kryptografick² softvΘr. Napokon uvidφte takΘto okno:

Choose Installation Media FreeBSD can be installed from a variety of different installation media, ranging from floppies to an Internet FTP server. If you're
installing FreeBSD from a supported CDROM drive then this is generally
the best media to use if you have no overriding reason for using other media.
      1 CDROM      Install from a FreeBSD CDROM
      2 FTP              Install from an FTP server
      3 FTP Passive Install from an FTP server through a firewall
      3b HTTP         Install from an FTP server through a http proxy
      4 DOS            Install from a DOS partition
      5 NFS             Install over NFS
      6 File System   Install from an existing filesystem
      7 Floppy         Install from a floppy disk set
      8 Tape            Install from SCSI or QIC tape
      9 Options        Go to the Options screen
                            [ OK ]       Cancel
   [ Press F1 for more information on the various media types ]

Tu si zvolφte zdroj, teda odkia╡ budete in╣talova╗. Ak in╣talujete z CDROMu, to asi nemusφm vysvet╡ova╗, ale ak in╣talujete z DOSu, zvo╡te "Install from a DOS partition". Tu sa pripojφ disk C: (naprφklad) a na ≥om by ste u╛ mali ma╗adresßr FreeBSD (ktor² ste si tam predt²m vytvorili), ktorΘho minimßlny obsah by mal by╗ adresßr /bin, teda C:\FreeBSD\BIN. Takto budete m⌠c╗ spusti╗ in╣talßciu z DOSu.
FreeBSD sa sp²ta, Φi m⌠╛e zapφsa╗ novΘ informßcie na disky a vy si m⌠╛ete da╗ pohßr dobrej ruskej vodky. Ke∩ sa nain╣taluje systΘm, otvoria sa vßm konfiguraΦnΘ oknß ako nastavenie Φasu, X servera, X Windows Managera. Po konfigurßcii prφde druhß Φas╗ in╣talßcie, kde si m⌠e╛ete zvoli╗ balφΦky ako emacs, KDE, PERL a pod. Tu si vyberte softvΘrovΘ balφky pod╡a va╣ich predstßv.

Podobne ako v Linuxe existuje pre DOS prφkaz loadlin.exe, ktor²m spustφste Linux z DOSu, vo FreeBSD je to fbsdboot.exe. Musφte ho ma╗ v╣ak na disku C: aj s kernelom, ktor² tam prekopφrujete. Po zadanφ prφkazu fbsdboot.exe fbsdboot h╡adß kernel a ke∩ ho nßjde, spustφ FreeBSD. Takto m⌠╛ete vytvori╗ dosovsk· systΘmov· disketu, ktorou spustφte FreeBSD - dajte do s·boru "autoexec.bat" prφkaz fbsdboot.exe, ale odkaz na kernel musi φs╗ na hard disk, preto╛e kernel FreeBSD sa nezmestφ na disketu. Mß to v²hody aj nev²hody. Kernel Linuxu je komprimovan², b·tovanie trvß o nieΦo dlh╣ie, FreeBSD zase b·tuje r²chlej╣ie. Pozrite sa na moje tipy, ke∩ chcete vedie╗ viac.
Po in╣talßcii si treba vytvori╗ kernel, preto╛e defaultn² kernel nemß nastavenie na zvukovΘ karty a inΘ veci. Treba in╣talova╗ "kern developer", teda zdrojovΘ s·bory pre kernel do adresßra /usr/sys/. Ak si chcete sami upravi╗ konfigurßciu kernela, zadajte nasledovnΘ prφkazy: cd /usr/src/sys/i386/conf _____(tu je s·bor GENERIC, prekopφrujte ho na MYKERNEL a tento editujte. S·bor LINT obsahuje pokyny, ╛ia╡ len v angliΦtite, ako editova╗ MYKERNEL. T²mto prφkazom:

device pcm0 at isa? port ? tty irq 10 drq 5 flags 0x0

nastavφte napr. zvuk na Sound Blaster. Prφkaz napφ╣te do jednΘho riadku.

M⌠╛ete pou╛i╗ aj m⌠j MYKERNEL, ktor² je tu: MYKERNEL. Tento je v╣ak pre verziu 3.+, pre verziu 4.0 pou╛ite tento s·bor - KERNEL4. Potom zadajte prφkaz: /usr/sbin/config MYKERNEL, prejdite do adresßra /usr/sys/compile/MYKERNEL a zadajte tieto tri prφkazy:

make depend

make

make install

Re╣tartujte poΦφtaΦ a mßte mo╛nos╗ vyu╛φva╗ slu╛by novΘho jadra.

╚o robi╗ hne∩ po in╣talßcii?

Reb·tova╗, samozrejme.

Po in╣talßcii, ak nie ste spokojnφ s csh shellom, zadajte prφkaz "chpass", ktor²m si m⌠╛ete zmeni╗ heslo a aj prφkazov² interprΘt (shell). Ak ste zvyknutφ na bash, je dobrΘ ho doin╣talova╗.

SystΘm m⌠╛ete doin╣talova╗ a prekonfigurova╗ prφkazom /stand/sysinstall (Do postinstall configuration).

Vytvorte si vlastn² adresßr, najlep╣ie v partφcii /usr, odkia╡ m⌠╛ete in╣talova╗ r⌠zne balφky napr. aj z Linuxu, lebo diskov² oddiel /root je pomerne dos╗ mal².

Zßlohujte si adresßr /etc a /root a /usr/local/etc.

Vytvorte si malΘ skripty, aby ste nemuseli zaka╛d²m zadßva╗ "mount -t msdos _dev-fd0 /mnt". StaΦφ, ke∩ tento prφkaz napφ╣ete do jednΘho s·boru, ktor² pomenujete ako "a" a urobφte ho spustite╡n²m napr. prφkazom "chmod +x a". Potom zaka╛d²m, ke∩ stlaΦφte klßvesu "a" sa disketa pripojφ do adresßra /mnt. Tu tvorivosti niΦ neprekß╛a. Podobne m⌠╛te urobi╗ aj s "mount /cdrom", "umount /cdrom". Treba sa v╣ak presvedΦi╗, Φi vami zadan² nßzov spustite╡nΘho s·boru u╛ neexistuje.

Lokalizujte FreeBSD pod╡a tu uveden²ch pokynov.

Nakonfigurujte si Internet. StaΦφ, ke∩ pou╛ijete kppp v KDE. Nepotrebujete upravova╗ /etc/resolv.conf a ani s·bory v adresßri /etc/ppp v prφpade pou╛itia kppp. Kppp mß peknΘ grafickΘ rozhranie a je dos╗ zrozumite╡n². Bez kppp m⌠╛ete zvoli╗ aj t·to cestu: ak sa nain╣talujete balφΦek ppxp, staΦφ, ak ho spustite na konzole prφkazom ppxp a potom zadajte "qdial". Zobrazφ sa vßm menu, kde si budete m⌠c╗ zada╗ DNS, tel. Φφslo providera a pod.

Kontakt Otßzky a pripomienky adresujte na xvudpapc@savba.sk

NaspΣ╗