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assembly.doc
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1992-06-20
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SCRAM ASSEMBLY
==============
WHAT IS INVOLVED
If you are interested in the SCRAM 500 and would like to get one going,
you need to know just what is involved.
If you are going to build it yourself, you have to know how to solder!
Count up the component pins on the main PCB - you will find there
are more than 500! You will need a fine tipped soldering iron and fine
multi-core solder. No big deal really, but don't attack the PCB with
some great hulking 100 Watt Plumber's Friend. The RAM array is quite
dense and care must be taken not to make solder bridges, but everything
else is fairly routine.
If you don't know how to solder, get someone good to give you some
pointers and then practice a bit on some Radio Shack breadboard until
you have the hang of it. You can buy a lot of resistors and breadboard
for $5 and that will give you many hours of practice. When you feel
confident, then proceed at will.
An experienced technician could probably build a SCRAM 500 in 2 - 3
hours. If something goes wrong, a SCRAM board is not that hard to fix -
it is fairly modular in design - the fault can usually be located
visually. If you have access to a working SCRAM, chip swapping will
resolve the problem in no time. With a full working set of schematics
(provided on this disk) and PCB layout (also provided) the SCRAM 500 is
not a mystery. The SCRAM 500 is easy to get going (excluding assembly
errors). The production version of the SCRAM 500 currently enjoys a 0%
return rate - simple, reliable technology.
If the preceding paragraphs leave you perplexed and worried, take heart.
One reason for releasing the SCRAM 500 design onto Public Domain was to
encourage broad support for an Open Architecture SCSI/RAM peripheral in
the Amiga community. Even if you have ten thumbs and two left feet,
chances are that you know someone who is technical or you have access to
a User Group or Computer Club that has a technical member. The SCRAM 500
can be a cheap way to upgrade your Amiga 500 - especially if you can
provide some of your own parts and labour.
The Naked SCRAM
If you are the type of Amiga owner who likes wires, LEDs and PCBs hanging
out of your machine then you will be happy to know that the SCRAM 500
will work fine bare. In fact if you run your Amiga bare or in a Rack
Mount box or some other custom enclosure, then you won't need the
Extender card stuff either. Just plug the SCRAM 500 card right onto the
A500 expansion port. Note that you might have to install the 10K pullups
on the Data Bus somewhere else (like in the empty locations on the A500
Main board).
A naked SCRAM may cause some RFI - so be warned.
MAIN PCB ASSEMBLY
Start by installing all the sockets - GAL sockets, EPROM socket, PLCC
socket. If you like, install sockets for all the glue chips - LS257,
LS373, LS32, HCT393, F86, F521. The only CMOS device is the HCT393 which
should be handled with care - so socketing this device (U26) may make
life easier. TTL is pretty hard to blow up, so soldering it directly to
the board is fairly safe.
Next, solder in the RAM sockets. This is a tricky bit, and if you
succeed here you should be OK with the rest of the assembly. If you run
into problems, at least you won't have done any major damage and there
is time to get some help. Only use a low powered soldering iron, and be
carefull! Don't do any dry joints and watch for solder bridges. Fix each
socket (or strip) in place by soldering a pin at either end. When all
the sockets are in place, go down each column soldering every pin.
Double check for unsoldered pins - in my experience this is the most
common cause of handsoldered boards not working.
Now solder in the TTL components - assuming you didn't socket them. Try
not to solder any chips in upside down or back to front ( don't laugh
I've seen it.)
Solder in Resistors, R-SIPs, Electros, Bypass caps, and Jumper blocks.
Avoid the temptation to solder in the LEDs now. They need to poke their
noses over the front of the board by a critical dimension, so wait until
you have the front panel screwed in place. This is the time to clean the
PCB with FLUX CLEANER if you want to. This is important if using Acid
core solder - ask someone who knows about this if unsure.
NOTE - If using flux cleaner, make sure you don't let any get into the
sockets on the component side of the card - this can lead to unreliable
connections and extreme depression.
Finally, you solder in place all the chunky bits. The DB25, toggle
switch, and the 86 way edge connector. The first two are straightforward
- if you like you could tack the DB25 to the PCB with Super Glue, but it
is probably unnecessary. The 86 way connector is also easy, but TAKE
NOTE! this connector mounts on the SOLDER side of the board. You will be
doing your soldering on the COMPONENT side of the board. Don't make a
mistake here or there will be much wailing and gnashing of teeth. Also
note that you need to use this connector in the assembly of the extender
card, so leave this operation till last.
Now you can mount the back panel, the front panel and finally the LEDs.
The LEDs look better if you put something to diffuse them on the back
of the front panel. Matt drafting film works, so does that paper based
translucent sticky-tape stuff from the chemist.
Observe correct polarity for the LEDs - the long lead is positive and
this is marked on the silk screen overlay. The SCRAM PCB should now be
complete. Double check everything and visually inspect the board for:-
o Unsoldered pins
o Solder bridges (tiny slivers of solder between adjacent pins)
o Dry joints (dull, misshapen, blobby solder joints)
EXTENDER CARD
Solder the 86 way connector to the non-gold fingers of the extender
card. Note that there is a .1" tongue on this edge which locates the
extender card in the back of the edge connector. You will have to bend
the pins down and up a bit so they touch the PCB. This is a little
tedious, but just use a pair of pointy-nose pliers and do them one at a
time. If somone can think of a good way to do this painlessly, I'd like
to hear about it.
It is a good idea to assemble the extender card before fixing the 86 way
connector to the main board. Use the two connectors as a jig to aid in
assembly of the extender card. Plug the gold edge of the card into the
spare 86 Way and slot the other end in between the pins of the one to be
soldered. You will now have a mechanically solid unit to solder. Tin the
pins and pads first, then push the pins down to the pad and reheat the
joint. If you are lucky enough to have a willing accomplice, get them to
hold the pins down with a screwdriver while you solder the pin to pad
properly. You may need a slightly hotter soldering iron here, as the
screwdriver will act as a heatsink.
Solder the four end pins first to fix the connector in place. This gives
you a chance to make sure the connector is straight. After soldering all
the other pins (as above) check a few with the multi-meter and that's
it. The last thing to do is to solder the resistor paks to the extender
card. Note that if you intend to use the RFI shield to cover the
extender, you will need to need to lay these resistor paks over on an
angle (away from the gold) to get clearance.
CASE
The main PCB has two threaded spacers (12mm) which are screwed to the 86
way edge connector. Put a split washer under each to stop them turning.
The SCRAM 500 should now just slide into the extruded case from the back
with the threaded spacers lining up with the two holes alongside the
machined slot.
Use the two 14mm threaded hex posts to fix the RFI Shield to the case
and also to fix the internal edge connector to the case. The extender
card should now fit snugly into the RFI Shield, mating with the edge
connector and sitting up against the threaded posts. MAKE SURE the
extender card is right way up - resistors to the front and ground plane
up. Fix the extender in place with two M3 screws and Presto - Finished!
Note The current PCB does not make any connection to the mounting
points of the case, front panel, and back panel. To completely
seal RFI from the SCRAM, you may have to connect these with some
wire to one of the spacers that go to the case and RFI shield.
Also, you may have to check that the RFI fingers associated with
the 500 expansion connector contact the RFI shield.
PASS-THRU
If you decide to try pass-thru you will need an extra 86 way connector
and a little extender card. The 86 way is soldered piggy-back onto the
back of the normal connector - on the component side of the board. Don't
solder pins 11 and 12 but instead put a jumper from pin 11 on the SCRAM
to pin 12 on the pass-thru connector. This will daisy-chain the
AutoConfig signal to the subsequent boards. You might trim the legs of
the pass-thru connector before soldering it to keep the height down. The
pass-thru extender card can be plugged into the pass-thru connector
after the SCRAM is installed in the case. This gives you an edge
connector just like the Amiga 500, so you should be able to connect any
expansion device to it - hopefully.
PRELIMINARY TESTING
Before applying power, do some preliminary testing of the board. A
multimeter is all you need. Do the following tests (preferably with the
extender card plugged in).
o use the continuity tester to check all GND pins and +5 pins
o measure resistance between GND and +5 - should be about 20-40 ohms
o check a few point to point connections for 0 ohms
Don't plug in RAMs,EPROM, Custom Chips or SCSI chip until the board has
been powered up with the smoke test. If you pass this test, install the
custom chips, set the RAM jumpers to 0M (both shorted) and if you get the
AutoConfig LED (green) on and a working Amiga, then you are looking
good - now you can test RAM.
Be careful plugging ZIP RAMs in the sockets. Check that all pins are
seated and none are splayed outside the socket. Double check that pin 1
is to the top of the board. Populate from Bank 0 -> 3. Make sure the 4M
jumper is set correctly.
There, easy!
NJJ